Note 8 - Stockholders’ Equity

Capital Stock

The Company has 260,000,000 authorized shares of capital stock, consisting of 250,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001, and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share.

On July 18, 2024, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Agreement”), pursuant to which it may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock. Sales of shares of common stock under the Agreement will be made pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-280881) (the “Registration Statement”) and a related prospectus supplement (the “ATM Prospectus”). The ATM Prospectus relates to the offering of up to $10,600,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock. The issuance and sale, if any, of common stock under the Agreement is subject to the Company maintaining an effective registration statement. The Registration Statement was declared effective on July 26, 2024. To date, the Company has not made any sales under the Agreement.

Common Stock Options

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information follows:

Share-based compensation expense for options totaling $180,233 and $110,195 was recognized in the Company’s results for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Share-based compensation expense for options totaling $294,116 and $214,357 was recognized in the Company’s results for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. All share-based compensation expense has been recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses.

The intrinsic value of outstanding options as of June 30, 2025, was $652,908.

The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of the options issued during the year was the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of a number of assumptions including the volatility of the stock price, the average risk-free interest rate, and the weighted average expected life of the options.

The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds whose maturity period is appropriate for the term of the options.

Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which the Company’s stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the expected life of the award. The Company’s calculation of estimated volatility is based on historical stock prices of the Company over a period equal to the expected life of the awards.

As of June 30, 2025, there was $733,136 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested employee options granted under the Company’s share-based compensation plans that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.1 years.

The weighted average fair value of options granted, and the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, are set forth in the table below.

Share-Based Awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”)

A summary of the activity related to RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2025, is presented below:

Stock-based compensation for RSU’s has been recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and totaled $232,347 and $97,530 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Stock-based compensation for RSU’s has been recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and totaled $344,728 and $164,692 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. All share-based compensation expense has been recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses.

As of June 30, 2025, there was $511,056 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs granted under the Company’s share-based compensation plans that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.3 years.

Preferred Stock

Liquidation preference

Upon any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any Common Stock, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Corporation legally available for distribution to stockholders, for each share of Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder, an amount per share of Series A Preferred Stock equal to the Original Issue Price for such share of Series A Preferred Stock plus all accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of Series A Preferred Stock as of the date of the Liquidation Event. No Preferred shares are issued as of June 30, 2025.

Conversion

The number of shares of Common Stock to which a share of Series A Preferred Stock may be converted shall be the product obtained by dividing the Original Issue Price of such share of Series A Preferred Stock by the then-effective Conversion Price (as defined herein) for such share of Series A Preferred Stock. The Conversion Price for the Series A Preferred Stock shall initially be equal to $0.02 and shall be adjusted from time to time.

Voting

Each holder of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes, upon any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation (or action taken by written consent in lieu of any such meeting) equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which such shares of Series A Preferred Stock could be converted.

Dividends

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock, in preference to the holders of all common stock, shall entitle its holder to receive, but only out of funds that are legally available therefore, cash dividends at the rate of ten percent (10%) per annum from the Original Issue Date on the Original Issue Price for such share of Series A Preferred Stock, compounding annually unless paid by the Company. There are no shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding as of June 30, 2025.